Device for heating liquids



2 Sheets-Sheet 1,

(No Model.)

A. SELKIRK. DEVICE FOR HEATING LIQUIDS.

No. 481,151. Patented Aug. 16, 1892.

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/ F (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

A. SELKIRK.

DEVICE FOR HEATING LIQUIDS. No. 481,151. Patented Aug. 16, 1892.

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UNTTED ST TES PATENT OFFICE.

ALEXANDER SELKIRK, OF ALBANY, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO ROBERTYVHITEHILL AND DANIEL WVARING, OF NEXVBURG, NElV YORK.

DEVICE FOR HEATING LIQUIDS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 481,151, dated August16, 1892.

Application filed May 31, 1889. Renewed January 28, 1892- Serial No.419, (No model-) To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER SELKIRK, a citizen of the United States,residing at Albany, in the county of Albany and State of New York, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Devices for HeatingFquids, of which the following is a specifica- My invention relates todevices for heating to and reheating water and liquids, and, al-

though adapted for general use, is especially intended for use inconnection with digesting apparatus, and particularly as described inapplication,Serial No. 312,750, filed even date herewith, and shown inapplication, Serial No. 301,877, filed March 5, 1889; and it consists ofthe combinations of devices or elements hereinafter particularlydescribed, and specifically set forth in the claims.

The object of this invention is to provide, ina liquid-heating devicehaving tubes for the passage of liquids and which are heated by steam orother agent, means for producing in said liquor-tubes, without lesseningthe z 5 areas of their heating-surfaces, suitably-rcduced passage-wayswhich will operate to induce a uniform distribution of the water orliquid to be heated to all of the said tubes, so that a like volume ofliquid will have pas- 0 sage through each tube and the time of passageof the liquid through each tube will be the same as that of the passageof the liquid through the others, thereby causing the heating device tobe more effective than under .35 the form of construction heretoforehad, and

in which the tubes, acting as heating devices and receiving anddischarging the liquids, are free passage-ways of capacity correspondingwith their bores. which latter in most of 0 the older constructions areof capacity as large or nearly as large as either the inlet or outletpipes of the liquid-heatin g device, and, further, to providecombinations of devices and parts by which my invention can be car- 5ried into practice.

In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification,Figure 1 represents a sectional elevation of a liquid-heating deviceembodying my improvements and provided with means for access to theliquidchambers of the device and for the delivery of liquid into theheater and its withdrawal therefrom. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation ofthe liquid-heating device and illustrating it to be contained within thelower end of a digesting-vessel. Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of anupper end portion of a liquor-circulating tube and illustrating aperforated plug applied thereto. Fig. 4 is a sectional elevationillustrating a modification of the perforated plug and its applicationto the lower end of the tube. Fig. 5 is an end view of the perforatedplug shown in Fig. at. Fig. 6 is a sectional elevation of theliquor-circulating tube having a modified form of the perforated plugand device for holding the same in place. Fig. 7 is an end view of theperforated plug shown in Fig. (3.

.The same letters of reference refer to like parts throughout theseveral views.

In the drawings, A represents any suitable shell-form receptacle (whichcan be made of iron, steel, or other suitable material) having its partssecured together in a steam and liquor tight manner and with strengthsufficient to resist the internal pressure to which the heater may besubjected. In Fig. 1 this receptacle is shown to be formed of thecylindrical wall CL and end walls or heads a and a and provided withcovered manholes Ffor 8o access to the interior either from above orbelow, as may be required, for effecting repairs of parts or otherpurposes. These covered manholes can be made with any suitable form ofconstruction and are applied and secured to the heads a a in a steam andwater tight manner. In Fig. 2 the cylindrical wall a and lower head orend wall a are shown to be formed by thelower end portion of thecylindrical wall and the lower end head of a dic gester of the classillustrated and described in the applications hereinbefore referred to.

In this figure thereis substituted for the solid end wall or head a(shown in Fig. 1) the perforated plate F, Fig. 2,forming the bottom of 5the digesting-chamber of the digester, which perforated plate forms,with walls a and a, a suitable receptacle for containing the steamheating-vessel B when constructed as a separate vessel.

Within the receptacle A are heads b b which may be securely joined byrivets in a steam-tight manner with the cylindrical wall a, but as shownare secured to a separate cylinder 1) by rivets. These heads 1) 5together with the cylinder they are secured to, form a vessel containingthe steam or other well-known heating agent used for heating liquids,and, as shown, the heads I) b and cylinder I) together form the vesselB, separate from the receptacle formed of the cylinder a and end walls aa or plate F, as illustrated, respectively, in Figs. 1 and C O are tubesof such diameter and length as may be preferred or found to be necessaryto be used to furnish a sufficient heating-surface through which theheating agent may act for heating the water or liquid in its passagethrough said tubes. These tubes are employed in a group or seriesarranged at intervals, but as closely together as the metal of the headsI) b will permit and yet retain sufficient strength to resist thepressure to which they may be subjected, and they are secured in placeby having their end portions, after passing through nicely-fittingperforations made, respectively, in said heads, expanded, as isgenerally practiced to produce strong and steam-tight joints of tubeswith heads.

The vessel B, formed of the cylinder 1), heads 1) b and the group oftubes C O, is shown in Figs. 1 and 2 to be supported within thereceptacle A (formed in each case as above described) from thecylindrical wall a by means of the flanged rings 0 and e, suitablysecured one to the cylinder at and the other to cylinder 1), with thehorizontal flange of ringe resting on that of the ring 0' and having,preferably, a suitable gasket or packing between them, and althoughthese rings 6 e operate as a means for supporting the vessel B withinits receptacle A, yet they operate together to stop all communicationbetween the liquor-chambers E E, except through the tubes 0. hen theheads I) b having in them the tubes 0, are securely joined, as they maybe, with the cylindrical wall or instead of to the cylinder I), (as isfrequently done in the construction of feed-water heaters) the use ofthese rings 6 e will be obviated and no com munication between theliquor-chambers E and E will be had, except through the tubes 0 C.

J and K, Fig. 1, are respectively inlet and outlet pipes for leading thewater or liquids to be heated into and from this liquid-heatingapparatus.

D is a perforated plug, which is applied to each one of the many tubes(3 for producing in each a reduced passage-way through which the wateror liquid can escape or press from one liquid-chamber E to the other E.These perforated plugs can be made of any suitable metal and nicely fitthe bores of the said tubes. The perforations (Z in these plugs D aresubstantially of like size and of such smaller area in proportion to thearea of the inlet or outlet pipes J and K, respectively, that theaggregate areas of the whole number of perforations (Z in said plugs Dwill be about equal to the area of one of said pipes J and K and causethe liquid as it is received into this liquid-heating device to have acontinuously-uniform distribution to the tubes C C, and thereby preventonly a small number of the tubes from delivering the liquid rapidly fromone liquid-chamber to the other. When this liquid-heating device is usedin connection with a digester or analogous vessel and is containedwithin such vessel, as illustrated in Fig. 2, these plugs D, perforated,as described, for producing in the liquid-heating tubes 0 the reducedpassage-ways d, can be inserted in the said tubes from either end, butare preferably used seated in their upper ends, as shown in that figure.\Vhen the device is used as shown in said figure, the liquor is passedupwardly from chamber E through said tubes to the chamber E, between theupper side of the steanrheating vessel B and the perforated plate F,through which plate the heated liquor will have passage into thedigesting-chamber G above, instead of through an outlet-pipe, when thisliquor-heating device is exterior to the vessel it is intended to beused with.

When the liquid-heating device shown in Fig. 1 is located exterior to avessel in connection with which it is to be used, either the pipe J mayserve as an inlet-pipe for the passage of the liquid to be heated andthe pipe K as a discharge-pipe for conveying the liquid after beingheated into the vessel where it is to be used or, if desired, the pipe Kmay he used as the inlet-pipe, in which event the pipe J will operate asthe discharge-pipe.

\Vhen employing this device in connection with another vessel forheating liquids to be circulated through such vessel, (as in the case ofmy application, Serial No. 312,750, filed on an even date with thisapplication and hereinbefore referred to,) a pump may be connected withthe pipe J if the pipe K is to be used as the inlet-pipe of the heatingdevice or with the pipe K if the pipe J is to be used as the inlet-pipe,as above indicated, so as to induce a draft of the water or other liquidfrom said vessel through said heating device, and thence to the pump,tobe returned to the said vessel from which it was drawn; or, instead ofcausing a flow of the liquid through the heating device by induction,the pump can be so interposed between the latter and the vessel as todraw theliquid from said vessel and then force it through whichever ofthe pipes J or K as may be used as the inletpipe into saidheatingdevice, and thenceinto the vessel again from which it was drawn,thereby producing a circulation through the heating device in adirection the reverse of that had by the induced draft of the liquidthrough it.

As before stated, the perforated plugs D can be set in either end of thetubes C, as preferred, the drawings showing them in Fig. 1 to be seatedin the lower ends of the tubes,

with several perforations made in directionwith provision for thepassage of thewater or liquor into this heating device from eitherdirection. In'Fig. 2 these perforated plugs are shown to be seated inthe upper ends of the tubes, with provision for the passage of theliquid in an upwardly direction only; but it is to be understood that Ido not confine myself to any particular place or situation of theseperforated plugs in these tubes 0, but would apply them to the same fromeither end, accordingly as the nature of the operations of the liquid tobe heated may require for producing advantageous results. WVhen thevolume of water or liquor to be heated is very considerable and is tohave an upward movement through this heating device into a chamberabove, as into chamber G in Fig. 2, I prefer to set these perforatedplugs into the upper ends of the tubes 0; but when the volume of liquorto be heated is comparatively small and its passage through the deviceis comparatively slow I prefer to apply these perforated plugs to thelower ends of the tubes 0, as illustrated in Fig. 1.

In Fig. 3 the perforated plug is shown to be applied in the upper end ofthe tube C, as

in Fig. 2, where it is intended the water or,

liquid is to be forced upwardly, as before described. In this situationthe perforated plug is effective to produce a difiusive circulation ofthe liquid through all the tubes 0 in the heater when the volume to beheated is large and is forced under pressure in direction of arrow 1 inFig. 3 to have a passage into the vessel intended to receive the heatedliquid.

In this situation of the perforated plug D inthe upper end of tube 0(when the direction of the passage is downwardly through the perforationd, as indicated by arrow 1 in Fig. 3) the liquid is forced by the draftor pressure of the pump or its equivalent liquid-forcing means to passfrom the upper liquorchamber in the form of small streams through themany small perforations 01 into the said tubes 0, and after laterallyspreading against the heated sidewalls of the tubes the liquid willpress downwardly through the latter and have its temperature raised toabout that of the walls of the same before its entrance into the lowerliquor-chamber.

In Fig. 4c is shown a tube having in its lower end a plug D, providedwith several perforations d, which are in directions transversely.

to the direction of length of tubes 0.

In Figs. 6 and 7 is shown a plug provided of the length of the tube.When the plug is provided with several perforations, as illustrated inFigs. 4, 5, 6, and 7, such perforations will each be made of a size lessthan those in plugs having only one perforation each; but theiraggregate capacity as passageways for the liquid is to be about equal tothe capacity of a single perforation for passing the same quantity ofliquid. These plugs,

D may be secured in their respective tubes by being tightly driven inthe same, or they may be held in place by a suitable bolt D and screwinginto theplug, as shown in Fig. 6, in which case a gasket 61 may beemployed between a shoulder made with the plug and the end edge of thetube.

In Figs. 1 and 2 are shown bolts H H, holding by their head endswithrecessed sockets h, made with the manhole-seats, and passing upthrough a corresponding number of tubes and preferably through tubessimilar to tubes 0 in the heating device and secured by nuts h h to holdsaid heating device in place and from shifting within receptacle A.

Steam is supplied to the steam-chamber B of this heating device throughany suitable live-steam supply pipe connecting with a suitablesteam-generator or other source of supply. WVhen the heads I) b aresecurely joined with cylinder 0. instead of cylinderb, this steam-supplypipe can be made to have communication directly with the steam-cham berB by the steam-supply pipe being connected directly with the saidchamber through the cylindrical wall of the same; but when the heads I)b are joined with cylinder b and the vessel B is contained in thereceptacle A, as illustrated, the steam-supply pipe, as pipe J, willlead from the source of steam through one of the heads of saidreceptacle into one of the liquid-chambers E or E and by means of abowed form of a portion thereof connect with vessel B at about thecenter of one of its heads and so as tocommunicate with the chamber B. vThe bowed form of this pipe J within theliquid-chambers permits avariety of degrees of expansion and contraction of the parts withoutmaterially aifecting the parts of the apparatus at its joints.

H is an exhaust-steam pipe leading from the lower side of thesteam-chamberB to the outside of the apparatus to a suitable steamtrapor other place of discharge.

This liquid-heating device can be made.

with any preferred length and with any suitable diameter and can bearranged, relatively, in a horizontal position for use, as well asvertically.

I am aware that it is not new to employa series of liquor-circulatingtubes in connection with a steam-chamber for heating. said bination,with a receptacle or vessel for containing steam or other known heatingagent, of two or more tubes or pipes contained within the chamber ofsaid steam-receptacle and connecting with oppositely-locatedliquor-chambers, which are situated exterior to said receptacle andprovided with inlet and outlet tained within the said steam-chamber andhaving their opposite ends communicating with said liquor-chambers, ofthe plugs D, having in them perforations d and secured Within saidtubes, and provision for the inlet and discharge of liquor,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

ALEXANDER SELKIRK.

\ \Vitnesses:

WILLIAM R. BROWN, 1 CHARLES SELKIRK.

